《植物生理学报》 2014, 50(4): 433-438

几种瓜类作物对根际高温胁迫的生理响应

郝婷^1,2, 丁小涛¹, 张红梅¹, 金海军¹, 余纪柱^1,*, 朱月林²

¹上海市农业科学院园艺研究所, 上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室, 上海201403; ²南京农业大学园艺学院, 南京210095

通信作者：余纪柱；E-mail: yy2@saas.sh.cn；Tel: 021-52235451

摘　要：

以黑籽南瓜、‘春秋王2号’黄瓜、‘傲美’苦瓜、‘兴蔬’丝瓜、‘五叶香’丝瓜为试材, 采用营养液栽培法, 研究了这几种瓜类作物在根际35 ℃高温处理下的生长量、光合参数及地上部、地下部的渗透胁迫物质的变化。结果显示: 处理5 d后, 两种丝瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、根长、地上干重及地下干重, 叶片相对叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n), 气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)、蒸腾速率(T_r)与对照相比变化均不大, 而另外三种瓜类的以上指标均受到明显的抑制; 高温使得黑籽南瓜及黄瓜叶片和根系中都积累了大量的膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA), 渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量在叶片中增大, 但在根系中却减小, 而处理下‘五叶香’丝瓜的MDA含量与对照差异不显著, 且两种渗透调节物质表现为叶片中减小根系中增大; 处理下‘兴蔬’丝瓜根系中MDA的减少量及可溶性蛋白的增加量都大于‘傲美’苦瓜。结果表明, 根际高温下两个丝瓜品种, 特别是‘五叶香’丝瓜有较高的耐受力, 通过提高根系中的渗透调节物质含量来降低根际高温对植株整体造成的伤害。

关键词：瓜类作物; 根际高温胁迫; 生长; 光合参数; 渗透调节物质

收稿：2013-11-28   修定：2014-02-17

资助：上海市科委重大项目(13231204200)和国家科技支撑项目(2011BAD43B02)。

Growth and Physiological Reaction of Different Cucurbit Crops in the High Root-Zone Temperature Stress

HAO Ting^1,2, DING Xiao-Tao¹, ZHANG Hong-Mei¹, JIN Hai-Jun¹, YU Ji-Zhu^1,*, ZHU Yue-Lin²

¹Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; ²College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Corresponding author: YU Ji-Zhu; E-mail: yy2@saas.sh.cn; Tel: 021-52235451

Abstract:

The fig-leaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché), cucumber cultivar Chunqiuwang No.2 (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Chunqiuwang No. 2), Aomei bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. cv. Aomei), Xingshu and Wuyexiang towel gourd (Luffa cylindrica Roem. cv. Xingshu and cv. Wuyexiang) were used as test materials to investigate the effects of 35 ℃ root-zone temperature on the growth, photosynthesis parameters and osmotic regulation substances of the above cucurbit crop seedlings under hydroponic cultivation. The results showed that differences of growth, relative chlorophyll content and gas exchange parameters in leaves between controlled towel gourd and check ones were not significant, while the other cucurbit crops had a reverse trend. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation, was accumulated in leaves and roots and the contents of proline and soluble protein, two osmotic regulation substances, were increased in the leaves and decreased in the roots at fig-leaf gourd and cucumber seedlings when they were treated, while Wuyexiang towel gourd showed a contrary tendency and there was no differences compared with the control at MDA. The decrement of MDA and the increment of soluble protein in Xingshu towel gourd were higher than those in Aomei bitter gourd. The results indicated that the two towel gourd, especially Wuyexiang, depressed the damage to the whole plant resulting from high root-zone temperature by increasing the contents of osmotic regulation substances of root, the high temperature working part directly.

Key words: cucurbit crops; high root-zone temperature stress; growth; photosynthesis parameters; osmotic regulation substances